CAPITO, MARCUS HERENNIUS°
- CAPITO, MARCUS HERENNIUS°
- CAPITO, MARCUS HERENNIUS° (first century
C.E.), Roman public servant. Capito served as an officer
(tribunus legionis, praefectus alae and praefectus
veteranorum) and later as procurator for Empress Livia, the wife
of augustus , and for the emperors Tiberius and Caligula. Josephus
(Ant. 18:158) shows that he served as procurator of Jabneh in Judea,
which had become the private estate of the empress Livia (d. 31
C.E.). While Capito was serving in this capacity, he
attempted to detain agrippa i who was about to set sail for Italy,
knowing that he still owed money to Tiberius' treasury. Agrippa managed
to escape, but Capito did not give up. He sent Tiberius a letter on the
subject (ibid., 163) as a result of which the emperor refused
to receive Agrippa until the debt was paid. During Caligula's reign,
Capito was particularly active against the Jews. According to Philo
(De Legatione ad Gaium, 199), he arrived in Judea a pauper,
but illegally amassed vast funds and feared that his victims might
denounce him to the emperor. Hence, when the Jews of Jabneh destroyed
the altar which the local gentiles had built to honor Caligula, Capito
informed the emperor. This was the reason for Caligula's order that his
statue should be placed in the Temple in Jerusalem. With Caligula's
assassination and the appointment of Agrippa as king, conditions changed
and Capito could no longer retain his office.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
P. Fraccaro, in: Athenaeum, 18 (1940), 136ff.; H.G. Pflaum,
Les carrières procuratoriennes équestres sous le Haut-Empire
Roman, 1 (1960), 23ff.
(Menahem Stern)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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